Equipment

Ultimaker 3

Characteristics: 3D printer capable of printing nylon, polypropylene, co-polyester, and other thermoplastic filaments.

Characteristics: Uline 15-inch impulse sealer, 6-inch crimp sealer, Systech Illinois model 911 oxygen analyzer, Elsec 795 humidity sensor, stainless steel bubbler, Ar/N2 regulator

Extech, CO210

Applications: Vitrine leak testing.
Noninvasive

Minolta Chroma meter CR-241

Characteristics: The instrument is a tristimulus color analyzer for measuring reflective color on surfaces. Coordinates measured are Yxy (CIE 1931), L*a*b* (CIE 1976) or L*C*Ho. The setup includes a fixed microscope and stage. Illumination is a pulsed xenon arc lamp. Measurement spot size is 1.8 millimeters and 3 millimeters.
Applications: The instrument is used for color matching of paint or other surfaces, also in combination with Munsell color charts, as well as for detection of color changes or density difference.
Noninvasive

SpectraMax M3 Multi-Mode Microplate Reader

Characteristics: A UV/visible multi-mode absorbance and fluorescence reader, providing ultrafast, full-spectral-range detection for cuvettes and well microplates.
Applications: ELISA is used for the identification of proteins and some polysaccharides. This microplate reader is usually set up for colorimetric or fluorescence assays (ELISA, NanoOrange®) but can also be set up for FRETS.
Invasive

Benchtop Cary Eclipse Spectrofluorimeter

Characteristics: The Cary Eclipse can be used with a traditional geometry, measuring solutions in a cuvette, or noninvasively, with a fiber optics probe.
Applications: Analysis of organic colorants.
Noninvasive

Preservatech Mini-one RH controller

Characteristics: Humidity controlled in approximately 2.5-by-1.5-by-1.5-inch acrylic chamber.
Applications: Used for multi-point calibration of humidity sensors and pre-equilibrating paper samples prior to accelerated aging.

FT-IR/ATR-FTIR Bruker Hyperion 3000

Characteristics: This FT-IR spectrometer works both in transmission and in reflection modes, and is equipped with an attenuated total reflection (ATR) objective featuring a Germanium crystal.
Noninvasive, Invasive

Bruker Alpha II Portable IR spectrometer

Characteristics: This spectrometer is design to be portable, and features a reflection module allowing for contactless and non-destructive FT-IR analysis.
Applications: Theses FT-IR spectrometers identify the functional group frequencies that are characteristic of the molecular structure of organic and inorganic compounds. Main applications include organic binders, varnishes, fillers, minerals, inorganic and synthetic organic pigments.
Noninvasive

Fisher Scientific—Dionex—ICS 5000+ DP, AS-AP, and DC with electrochemical and conductivity detection

Characteristics: Dual-channel IC system
Applications: Currently set up for analysis of carbohydrates.
Invasive

Minolta Illuminance Meter T-1

Characteristics: Measures light levels using a small integrating sphere covered sensor.
Noninvasive

Bruker Impact II, UHR-QqTOF (Ultra-High Resolution Qq-Time-Of-Flight) mass spectrometer connected to Shimadzu Nexera extended HPLC with a diode array detection. Ionization: ESI and APCI.

Characteristics: Highly sensitive and capable of accurate mass measurement, MS/MS, and MS3, making chemical structure elucidation of unknown compounds possible.
Applications: This instrument is currently set for analysis of small molecules (below 2000 Da), mainly dyes and organic pigments used in museum objects. With reconfiguration, analysis of other types of compounds and large molecules is possible.
Invasive

Agilent 6890 GC, 5973Network MSD, split/splitless inlet. 7683B automatic liquid sampler. Frontier lab Double-Shot 2020iD pyrolyzer, equipped with the Auto-Shot sampler AS-1020E (Frontier lab). Micro-Jet Cryo-Trap

Characteristics: Single quad mass spec typically connected to a DB5 column or an uncoated a Frontier lab capillary tube UADTM-2.5N for EGA-MS.
Applications: The instrument is set up for the analysis of the organic component of art materials. It is typically configured with the pyrolysis unit for semi-quantitative and qualitative analysis, while quantitative analysis for specific classes of compounds is performed by liquid injection and calibration with target compounds. The pyrolyser can also be used to selectively evaluate thermally labile components.
Invasive

Agilent 7890B GC, 5977B MSD, GL Sciences Optic-4 inlet, Leap-PAL RTC sampling rail

Characteristics: Single quad mass spec typically connected to a DB5 column.  PTV inlet with automatable liner exchange for thermal desorption experiments.  SPME-Arrow, liquid, head space, and dynamic head-space are also automatable injection processes.
Applications: This instrument is set up for environmental monitoring. Specifically, it is being used to semi-quantitatively look for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are present in galleries spaces or that emanate from materials that are being used near artwork.
Invasive,  Noninvasive

Oriel Microfading tester

Characteristics: The tester delivers a pinpoint of light to a very small area of the artifact (about 0.4 millimeters Ø), to induced fading in order to determine the photosensitivity of the illuminated area.
Applications: Photographs, paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, textiles, and manuscripts.
Noninvasive

Thermo Scientific OHM400 convection oven.  Omega plus ULPA vacuum linked to small plastic hood

Characteristics: 2 grams of sample aged in a borosilicate jar for twenty-eight days at 60 degrees Celsius.
Applications: This qualitative analytical method is used to assess whether or not a material that is slated for use near artwork—boards, paints, fabrics, etc.—is safe for use, or whether it off-gases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are hazardous.

Canon EOS 80D

Characteristics: This camera has 100-millimeter macro lens, and captures images using diffuse and glancing angle light sources.
Applications: This photographic setup is used to obtain standardized images of coupons and other metals in Oddy and/or accelerated aging tests.

Stereomicroscopes

Characteristics: These microscopes work with fiber optics illumination for observation up to 100x.
Applications: These microscopes are used to observe whole objects and fragments, and to collect images at low and high magnifications to complement technical investigation and/or sampling.
Noninvasive

Zeiss Axioplan 2 and Zeiss Photomic

Characteristics: All microscopes are equipped with visible and UV light sources, several objectives up to 100x, and digital cameras.
Applications: The Axioplan 2 and the Photomic are universal microscopes suitable for most applications relevant to light microscopy, such as transmitted and incident light microscopy, polarizing microscopy in brightfield and darkfield mode, DIC, fluorescence microscopy, etc. Loose particles and fibers mounted on glass slides, and cross sections and thin sections of whole samples can be analyzed.
Invasive and noninvasive

Zeiss Axiovert 405M

Characteristics: All microscopes are equipped with visible and UV light sources, several objectives up to 100x, and digital cameras.
Applications: The Axiovert is an inverted microscope specifically designed for metallurgical analysis of embedded metal samples, as well as of polished surfaces of whole objects, using brightfield and darkfield illumination along with polarized light.
Invasive and noninvasive

Lighthouse Particle Counter

Characteristics: Capable of counting 0.3 to 25 micron particles averaging over time.
Noninvasive

Bruker Bravo Handheld Raman analyzer

Characteristics: This portable unit has 785- and 852-nanometer lasers (Duo LASER™).
Applications: This Raman spectrometer is light and user friendly, and is designed for noninvasive analysis.
Noninvasive

Bruker Senterra

Characteristics: This benchtop unit has 785-, 633- and 488-nanometer lasers.
Applications: The microscope-stage setup is specifically designed for noninvasive analysis of objects that can be easily accommodated on the stage. This unit is used to identify and characterize inorganic and organic pigments and other colorants, stones, inks, ceramics, corrosion and weathering products, and photographic materials, among others.
Noninvasive, Invasive

Renishaw System 1000 with Leica DM LM microscope

Characteristics: This benchtop unit has 785- and 514-nanometer lasers.
Applications: The instrument may be used to measure spectra, noninvasively, when the object fits in the microscope stage (small, flat objects); otherwise, analysis is carried out on samples, as described for the Bruker Senterra System. ADD magnification of objectives.
Noninvasive, Invasive

Bruker FT-Raman

Characteristics: This benchtop unit has a 1064-nanometer laser.
Applications: The FT-Raman spectrometer is extremely useful for highly fluorescent materials.
Noninvasive, Invasive

Tunable laser—Raman system

Characteristics: This flexible, research-grade instrument is suitable for a variety of investigations.
Applications: This instrument can be used for laser ablation surface-enhanced Rama spectroscopy, an advanced technique which is particularly useful for insoluble organic colorants or for lakes and organic pigments in complex cross-sections.
Invasive

Fluke Infrared Thermometer model 561

Applications: Sensing temperature at a distance. Useful for assessing temperatures of windows, pipes, floors, and the environment.
Noninvasive

FE-SEM Zeiss Σigma HD with Oxford Instrument X-MaxN 80 detector

Characteristics: This variable pressure, field emission HD scope is equipped with secondary and backscattered electron detectors, and with EBSD, EDS, and WDS detectors. A Hitachi ion milling system and a Leica high-vacuum sputter are available to prepare samples prior analysis.
Applications: The large chamber of this SEM can accommodate whole objects for imaging and elemental analysis in variable pressure, as well as micro-samples for high-resolution imaging (certified resolution of 1 nanometer), chemical and crystallographic analysis in high vacuum using EDS, WDS and EBSD detectors. This SEM allows for versatile imaging and elemental analysis of a wide range of materials, from organic fibers to mineral specimens and metals.
Noninvasive, Invasive

Characteristics: Vaisala wireless, Hobo, ibutton, rHotronic

Applications: These loggers are used across the museum to record temperature and humidity in galleries and display cases.
Noninvasive

Seek Thermal CompactXR

Characteristics: Low resolution, connects to smart phone.
Applications: Assessing hot and cold spots on galleries and storage, condensation in walls, and hot- or cold-water pipes.
Noninvasive

Portable Ocean optics USB200 UV-Vis spectrometer

Characteristics: These three spectrophotometers have various fiber optics probes and accessories for non-invasive analysis or cuvette work
Applications: Analysis of colorants, color measurement, and related studies
Noninvasive

Portable Ocean Optics QE65Pro UV-Vis spectrometer 

Characteristics: In addition to the modalities indicated above, this spectrophotometer can be connected to a microscope
Noninvasive

Benchtop Cary 50 Spectrophotometer

Characteristics: These three spectrophotometers have various fiber optics probes and accessories for non-invasive analysis or cuvette work
Applications: Analysis of colorants, color measurement, and related studies
Noninvasive

Bruker D8 Advance

Characteristics: This XRD works with a Cu Kα radiation, has modular Bragg-Brentano and parallel beam geometries, changeable collimators, and a multi-mode EIGER2 R 500K multi-dimensional detector.
Applications: This XRD unit is used to identify and characterize crystalline materials, such as pigment particles, ceramic bodies, colorants and opacifiers in glass and enamels, metal objects and inlays, objects carved from rocks, semi-precious and precious stones, and a wide range of corrosion and weathering products. This diffractometer can work non-invasively when the object can fit within the instrument’s optics.
Noninvasive, Invasive

Bruker ARTAX Micro XRF

Characteristics: This XRF unit has a Rh tube, SDD detector, five collimators (0.2 millimeters to 1.5 millimeters), and can work in He atmosphere. Besides point analysis, this unit performs small line and area scans.
Applications: This x-ray spectrometer has an open-architecture geometry that allows for noninvasive qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis on a wide variety of archaeological objects and works of art. Examples of materials that can be analyzed are copper, silver and gold alloys, corrosion products, ceramic and glazes, glass, pigments on various supports, inks, photographic media, rocks, and semi-precious and precious stones. Quantitative analysis is usually limited to metal alloys and to natural and artificial glass.
Noninvasive

Bruker M6 Scanning XRF

Characteristics: This XRF unit has a Rh tube, SDD detector, different collimators (0.1 millimeters to 0.7 millimeters), and can scan large flat areas up to 65 by 80 centimeters. The M6 doesn't work with He.
Applications: The Bruker M6 is specifically designed to map the distribution of elements across large, flat areas such as painting, drawings, prints, and photographs, although other relatively flat objects of various sizes can be analyzed.
Noninvasive

Bruker Tracer III-SD Handheld XRF

Characteristics: This XRF unit has an Rh tube, SDD detector, a fix spot size of about 8 millimeters. The Tracer is designed for contact analysis.
Applications: This x-ray spectrometer is light- and user-friendly, and allows for noninvasive qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of a wide variety of archaeological objects and works of art. Quantitative analysis is usually limited to copper alloys and to natural and artificial glass. A primary beam x-ray filter set is provided to improve sensitivity in specific regions of the spectrum.
Noninvasive

Bruker Tracer 5g Handheld XRF

Characteristics:This XRF unit has an Rh tube, a large area graphene window SDD detector, and two changeable spot sizes. The Tracer is designed for contact analysis.
Applications: This x-ray spectrometer is light- and user-friendly, and allows for noninvasive qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of a wide variety of archaeological objects and works of art. Quantitative analysis is usually limited to copper alloys and to natural and artificial glass. A primary beam x-ray filter set is provided to improve sensitivity in specific regions of the spectrum.
Noninvasive

XG-Lab ELIO Portable XRF

Characteristics: This XRF unit has an Rh tube, SDD detector with nominal active area of 25 millimeters-squared and Cube preamplifier, and a fix spot size of about 1 millimeter. The ELIO is designed for non-contact analysis.
Applications: This x-ray spectrometer is light- and user-friendly, and allows for noninvasive qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis of a wide variety of archaeological objects and works of art. Quantitative analysis is usually limited to copper alloys and to natural and artificial glass. A primary beam x-ray filter set is provided to improve sensitivity in specific regions of the spectrum.
Noninvasive